My Most Enduring Childhood Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Most Enduring Childhood Memory - Essay Example My grandma was a teacher with enthusiasm for music and expressions. They were an extraordinary couple who played has flawlessly. While my grandparents showered unequivocal love upon me and caused me to feel quiet, they were graciously self-assured when should have been. Both being scholastics, they underlined the significance of order to me and other grandkids. Simultaneously, they were not opinionated or unbending in their origination of control. They were both open to discourse and reasonable to reason. Along these lines, they generally had all the earmarks of being our ally in any event, while denying us an additional hour of TV or an additional scoop of frozen yogurt. My most suffering beloved memory is an occasion that happened during one such visit to the grandparents’. One of the most loved leisure activities for me and other grandkids is visiting the nearby open library which additionally has a joined park and play area. The library had a children’s corner loaded up with funnies and experience story books. Archies, Hardy Boys, Tintin, and so forth were the staple of our amusement. During one such ordinary visit to the library, I so desired a version of Tintin that in the wake of understanding it, I shrouded it underneath my shirt. I was scarcely 7 years of age, and however feeling somewhat remorseful, I couldn’t prevent myself from acting dishonorably. Sufficiently sure, the custodian discovered what I had done and was thoughtful enough not to rebuff me without even a moment's pause. She rather requested to meet my folks/gatekeeper. At the point when my granddad got back from meeting the administrator, his conduct toward m e was at first one of noble quietness and harsh outrage. Yet, he loose soon and thought of a novel reaction to the circumstance. Thinking back all things considered I understand how amazingly he dealt with the circumstance. I was too youthful to even consider being completely mindful of the ramifications of my offense. Simultaneously, I must be shown directly from off-base and made to carry on more capably.

Racial inequality and treatment

Racial imbalance and treatment Presentation It's a given that training fairness has consistently been one of the most significant inquiries in Afro-American battle for uniformity. It is fundamental that the Southern states has consistently been the fortification of racial imbalance and treatment to the Afro-Americans was more awful than any other individual is one the most significant places in the battle for equivalent training. This paper would analyze the interminable battle of the dark minority in St. Louis for getting the equivalent instruction, on a par with the white greater part gets. The examination of the battle for the essential social liberties of the Afro-American country would assist with acknowledging how significant was arriving at instructive correspondence in the zone where the blacks were constantly viewed as inconsistent individuals from the general public, who doesn't have directly for the equivalent employments, rights and training also. This battle for the equivalent instruction would be the best represe ntation for the further ages and help them to comprehend what a troublesome way. â€Å"What occurs inside the study hall is just a little piece of instruction. What, where, and how understudies learn is a component of the association of the educational system, winning speculations about learning, nearby political weights, and, obviously, monetary real factors. The historical backdrop of instruction in St. Louis is minimal not quite the same as that of most American urban areas, in that it shapes another structure through which to see the communitys past† (St. Lois Government, 1996). The point of this paper to uncover the challenges the dark minority met while battling for the fairness in the instructive circle St. Louis. The start of the battle for equivalent training of Afro-Americans Even in the twentieth century it could be not really spoken about equivalent rights for the backs and the whites in the instructive circle and Southern conditions of the U.S. The training of the dark minorities, on the off chance that it is was potential, was isolated from the white youngsters and it's a given there was no even slight notice about the equivalent instructive offices: â€Å"Schools were isolated by race. Holy places worked the primary schools for African-American kids until 1847, when Missouri law prohibited showing African-Americans to peruse and compose. First Baptist Church minister John Berry Meachum reacted by opening the â€Å"Freedom School† on a jump in the Mississippi River, which was governmentally claimed, and in this manner past the span of state law† (St. Lois Government, 1996). The isolated schools got lawful in 1896 by the United States Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson case). Back and white youngsters in St. Louis read independently for ov er 50 years and simply after the World War II the initial moves towards the integration were made. The dark kids were abused at school as were also their folks at work and what is the most poor for this situation that it was legitimately upheld over the entire nation: â€Å"Giving the intensity of law to the different yet equivalent regulation, educational systems broadly kept highly contrasting kids separated. The issue was that different wasnt equal† (St. Lois Government, 1996). Henceforth after the war the social liberties development was growing rapidly. Afro-Americand comprehended that they couldn't live under the white abuse and the most consuming region were Southern States of the United States. : â€Å"In its milestone Brown v. Leading group of Education of Topeka choice in 1954, the court turned around itself, saying that different instruction was, by definition, inconsistent. In the midst of a rising tide of social mindfulness about racial correspondence, Catholic schools in St. Louis had just made sense of this, integrating the Archdiocese framework in 1948. The Brown choice brought around one prompt change in St. Louis education† (St. Lois Government, 1996). The initial move towards the progressions which were so genuinely necessary was made. It's a given that the entire framework required integration as correspondence of instruction is one of the essential privileges of the individual. It is fundamental that delegates of the Afro-American country were looking for the equivalent training and equivalent work offices with the whites. They were not expected to yield the spots in broad daylight transport to the whites and were planned to accommodate their kids equivalent with the whites instruction. The schools were inadequately prepared contrasted with the white networks schools: â€Å"East St. Louis Senior High School, whose science lab has no research facility tables or usable analyzing units, with close by rural schools where youngst ers appreciate a PC hookup to Dow Jones to examine stock exchanges and science labs that rival those in some industries† (Linda Darling-Hammond, 2010). The essential gear needs in the schools of racial minorities were still seriously damaged and it isn't astonishing that the instructive degree of the dark kids was fundamentally lower that the white ones and they couldn't land equivalent position and get equivalent pay in future. The issue was truly consuming and it got the opportunity to be settled, either by the neighborhood government or by Afro-American people group itself. As it as a rule happens the difficult arrangement was found by the dark themselves. One of the most noteworthy issues in isolated schools was instructing. The white instructors didn't value educating of the dark youngsters that the Afro-American people group of St. Louis was anxious to prepare dark educators themselves to raise the nature of the dark instructors and the degree of the dark kids instructio n: â€Å"Stowe Teachers College developed out of the Sumner High School program to prepare dark teachers since 1890. Be that as it may, Brown v. Topeka Board didnt completely address the issue of true isolation welcomed on by lodging designs. Blacks were consigned to their own city neighborhoods, where their youngsters went to neighborhood schools. When lodging is isolated, so too are the schools. Subsidizing, and thusly instructive quality, retreated during the 1950s and 1960s too. What had once been extraordinary compared to other government funded educational systems in the United States had plunged. Dark understudies particularly endured as state funded schools declined in a center city with a lopsidedly high African-American populace. Three out of four understudies in the St. Louis Public Schools were dark in 1980, while more than two of every five white adolescents went to class outside the framework. Government funded training in St. Louis went under court oversight in 1980, with the objective of integrating St. Louis Public Schools† (St. Lois Government, 1996). Over hundred years have gone subsequent to declining of subjugation and beginning of the battle for the equivalent privileges of Afro-Americans with the white larger part, when in St. Louis the integration program began. It isn't astounding that being isolated from the equivalent instruction from the earliest starting point the Black Minority didn't risked to ensure themselves and look for the better future. Low evaluating of the Afro-American schools and their isolation from the white kids additionally significantly affected the crime percentage in the locale, the degree of joblessness among the Afro-Americans and other huge elements that structure the entire practical vision of the city. Such a poor treatment and poor start of integration program contrarily affected St. Louis as resort territory and efficient focal point of the district as integration program was not begun before, howev er just in the late twentieth century. The accompanying section would uncover how integration program was begun and what were its aftereffects. St. Lois. Integration program of essential and optional instructive frameworks in the region. Its start, results and choices. Integration plan was begun in 1983 and from that point forward it has a controlling eye of media, social liberties establishment and other on it. It is basic that improvement of the blacks isolation in the specific territories in the late twentieth century, when the social liberties were a vacant words, yet individuals battles for correspondence for over hundred years lastly arrived at it. At that point we see that integration was begun to absorb the white larger part and dark minority as the human rights ought to be watched and the Afro-American people group couldn't remain aside the public activity of the nation: â€Å"Five years back, St. Louis spearheaded a metropolitan wide school integration plan that attempted to meld the transcendently dark and poor downtown with 16 for the most part white and rich rural areas. The arrangement, which came about because of a Federal District Court settlement that deferred compromised case for a long time, includes no obligatory transporting a nd turned into the biggest deliberate school move program in the nation, with 12,000 youngsters going to schools outside of their assigned regions every day. It has additionally met the vast majority of its objectives for coordinating blacks into rural St. Louis County schools† (Amy Stuart Wells, 1988). It was the main endeavor which was under the severe control and consideration from the government. What's more, it ought to be referenced that considerably after only five years of this program activity in St. Louis different zones took some noteworthy pieces of this specific program to unravel the commonplace inquiries in their neighborhood place. It isn't astonishing that being the pioneer is exceptionally troublesome errand and St. Louis as the territory of conventional showdown between the dark and the white networks needed to beat certain troubles so as to arrive at the ideal impact. The center thought of the program was the capacity of guardians to picked the schools for the their kids concentrates outside the zone of their home: â€Å"Once hailed as â€Å"one of the most imaginative social examinations of our time† by William H. Hungate, the appointed authority who directed its structure, the arrangement has cultivated numerous issues. Among them are what a few guardians and instructors in the city call a cerebrum channel of the citys best dark understudies, excessively few

The Relevance of J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye in Modern Times Essay Example for Free

The Relevance of J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye in Modern Times Essay Its profoundly captivating that years after its distributing, The Catcher in the Rye stays such an interesting novel to instructors, understudies, and everybody the same. However through breaking down the primary topics of the book, one can conclude that in spite of the fact that the slang and style may be obsolete, The Catcher in the Rye is as yet relatable and significant. This can be fundamentally credited to the steady topic of adolescent anxiety and want for defiance, a typical inclination prodded among the youthful for quite a long time. The book additionally stays significant in light of the history behind the book just as the way of life it has made. Despite conclusions be that as it may, J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, albeit composed 50 years prior, keeps up significance in this opportunity as an approaching old enough novel that opens points of view and strongly uncovered topics that were once forbidden in the American culture. To start, Holden has essentially kept up significance in the cutting edge age since he keeps on giving a voice to the young people of our general public. Taking a tone of disobedience, Holden isolates himself from the general public that is so ill-conceived in his eyes, and appears to frame his very own domain inside his psyche. This essentially involves his lack of respect for most grown-ups and the principles they make for everybody. You can see Holdens scorn for grown-ups during his discussion with Mr. Spencer, [] I could shoot the old bull to old Spencer and consider those ducks at the equivalent timeYou dont need to think too hard when you converse with an educator. (Salinger 18). The part of Salingers epic that is generally applicable to youth today is the means by which it shows high school a long time as a period of contention and change. Strife is found between a youngster and their general public, yet in addition between others, and even inside themselves. Holden appears to disdain his condition, taunting others as fakes and scrutinizing activities and occasions all over the place. Says Holden about a companion of Sallys, [] he went to Andover. Huge, enormous dealHe was the sort of a fake that need to offer themselves room when they response somebodys question. (Salinger 165) This is corresponding to the scandalous high school generalization of resistance and insubordination, as youth today are seen as presumptuous and needing to make their own principles. The tale incites feeling inside the peruser on the grounds that they are at last ready to associate with somebody on that level. On that note, the book likewise interfaces with an adolescents instabilities and self-assessment, demonstrated by its utilization by different writers. A case of this would be the novel King Dork, wherein the primary character Tom censures his school for praising The Catcher in the Rye when it truly isnt that uncommon. The reality of the situation, in any case, is that Tom is incredibly like Holden, in that the two of them have enthusiastic and muddled lives as adolescents loaded up with anxiety and dissension. The way that Catcher is alluded to such a great amount in this novel that is 50 years more up to date shows that J.D. Salinger has had an effect in youth writing and made a layout for which authors can investigate the multifaceted nature of the young brain. At long last, the book stays a fundamental piece of the twentieth century culture not just on account of the message of high school anxiety it depicts but since of the accompanying it picked up and reputation of certain supporters. Remarkably, The Catcher in the Rye was noted to be a vital part to two independent, prominent homicide endeavors, one of which was fruitful. The most renowned occurrence was the 1980 death of John Lennon by Mark David Chapman. Chapman, who at one point even attempted to change his name to Holden Caulfield, killed John Lennon in 1980. When captured, Chapman was gripping a duplicate of The Catcher in the Rye, and composed inside, This is my announcement (Ball). In a meeting, Chapman expressed he [] was actually living insideThe Catcher in the Rye (Chapman). While Chapman was systematized, and the association he produced using the book to the homicide presently can't seem to be resolved, the riddle of the books motivation for homicide despite everything interests individuals (Ball). All in all, The Catcher in the Rye despite everything catches enthusiasm from perusers today on the grounds that the message of adolescent anxiety and development is immortal. The epic can adequately depict a young people defiant nature and dismissal of society that covers vulnerability of ones own self. It likewise has a feeling of puzzle encompassing it, as motivated one of the most notable killings of the twentieth century. J.D. Salinger enraptures perusers in light of the fact that the novel comes up short on the cliché glossing over of a youthful grown-up novel; it gives a genuine point of view on the difficulty of being a young person and uncovered a totally different domain that individuals can appreciate. Works Cited Ball, Sarah. J.D. Salingers Influence. The Daily Beast. 27 Jan. 2010. Web. 23 Sept. 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/01/27/the-gospel-as indicated by holden.html. Chapman, Mark D. Imprint David Chapman in His Own Words. Meeting by Larry King. CNN. 30 Sept. 200. Web. 22 Sept. 2011. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0009/30/lklw.00.html. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print.

William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay -- Essays Papers

Ruler of the Flies I decided to do one of my book gives an account of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. The explanation I picked this book is on the grounds that it manages numerous issues that are essential to driving a strong Christian based life. It likewise manages a few issues that were discussed in class, for instance segregation, supplication and cultivated conduct. The book begins with Ralph and Piggy strolling through the forested areas on what has all the earmarks of being a remote location. We are informed that a plane shipping numerous little fellows between the ages of 5 and 12 smashed on this island and these are the initial two characters that we meet. Ralph and Piggy discover out of the forested areas and onto a sea shore where they find a conch shell that can be played as a horn. Ralph sounds this horn and soon after various little youngsters rose up out of the forested areas. It is presently uncovered that no grown-ups are on the island and it is only the young men. They at that point choose to shape a make move government and piggy delegates Ralph to be the pioneer since he started the gathering. One kid named Jack, an individual from a boy’s ensemble, fights the way that Ralph was named the pioneer. So to please Jack, Ralph reveals to him that he will be responsible for chasing and assembling food, this alongside prodding Piggy about his weight satisfies Jack. The young men them split up and start to investigate the island and Jack sorts out the primary chase, which is fruitless. Over the long haul Ralph sees that a significant number of the young men aren’t truly accomplishing any work and would prefer to play or resting rather, this concerns him a bit. He at that point goes out to investigate the island with a choirboy named Simon, when they returned they assembled a conference by flagging the conch. At this gathering Ralph sets up some essential standards. The primary ones being that you can possibly talk at a gathering in the event that you are holding the conch and that a fire must be prop up constantly on the mountain on the off chance that a boat passed by with the goal that they could be safeguarded. Different young men like the thoughts and surge up the mountain to light a fire. After they accumulate a lot of kindling they understand that no one can light a fire without matches. Piggy at that point proposes that they utiliz e the focal points of his glasses to start a fire. The fire begins and gets somewhat insane and Piggy imagines that one of the more youthful young men has been singed to death. The entirety of different young men giggle at Piggy and deny the episode. This is the first ... ...ll right. So we perceive how significant guardians are and the amount they can impact their youngsters. These young men were too youthful to ever be abandoned alone and they couldn’t recognize good and bad. I’m sure that as grown-ups they would think back and perceive how unfriendly and abhorrent they had become. Somebody who has a comparable perspective on this book is Kristian Moe who is an educator in New York. I discovered this announcement at www.malvik.no/engelsk/lordoftheflies.htm, he composes, â€Å"I feel that the book is extremely miserable. Here and there it is even somewhat peculiar. It depicts human instinct in its most noticeably awful and darkest. It is alarming, and it makes me consider the universal wars, and about Hitler’s prejudice and disdain. I can not accept that we have such a large number of dull sides inside us, yet perhaps we do.† Taking everything into account, I need to state that I appreciate this book since it is energizing and frightening simultaneously. I’m sure that everybody at one point in their life has longed for being on a remote location, however I’m likewise sure that no one would need their experience to resemble the one we find in this book. Except if obviously that have no feeling of Christian qualities and are eager to expose themselves to that sort of fiendish conduct.

Playing Second Fiddle free essay sample

I fiddle in the restroom. I began this ostensibly interesting conduct some time prior so I could watch my bowing in the mirror. Presently I play there on the grounds that the restroom is at the most distant finish of the house. That way, there are two shut entryways and one complete room among me and the remainder of human progress. To my folks credit, they have, throughout the years, paid for and taken me to innumerable exercises and other melodic occasions. In any case, once in a while they get somewhat sick of hearing me practice a similar tune three dozen times in thirty minutes. All things being equal, I am certain fiddle tunes are simpler on the ear than catch drum exercises, sounds that were normal in our home in the no so distant past. At my secondary school, walking band is top dog. I began playing percussion as a 6th grader. Right off the bat in my first year of secondary school, I was musician of the week and turned into the primary seat percussionist in the top band. We will compose a custom paper test on Taking on a supporting role or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page My instructors were revealing to me I truly had a future as a percussionist. I partook in various respect groups and facilities, where I was consistently the main young lady in my area. At school, I was old buddies with the young men and the couple of young ladies in percussion, yet at these groups, everything was unique. It was evident to me that individuals from the outset thought about what I was doing there. These drummers were no-nonsense: the ones who tapped continually and had challenges to see who could play the quickest buzz-roll. I was told more than once by both them and by visiting chiefs that I should let the young men play the most significant parts since I looked excessively little and bashful. I generally needed to demonstrate that I could stand my ground. Since I was extraordinary, I figured out how to support myself, and to play what I needed to play. However, being in an effective, serious band included some significant downfalls, particularly for drummers during w alking season. I had practices or exhibitions five days every week, a few hours every day. I was glad, yet different kinds of music were pulling me away. I had been playing violin and fiddle for some time, yet I understood I truly needed to play in a symphony and be progressively associated with country music. Lamentably, I didnt have the opportunity to do these things and still play in the band at school. Might I be able to quit any trace of something I was very acceptable at to actually assume a supporting role? After much anguished thought, I at last chose to stop band. After two years, I am playing in my citys youth ensemble and taking fiddle exercises from a cultivated twang performer. With her assistance, I am likewise figuring out how to play the banjo and guitar, and have even been composing my own melodies. Despite the fact that I cannot state I dont miss percussion, I think I have discovered my specialty in the melodic world. Oscar Wilde was extremely savvy in saying that he lamented losing his uniqueness. This is particularly admirable considering he lived during while being various was to some degree looked downward on. All Englishmen should look and act a specific way, and Wilde needed to be an Englishman while as yet acting naturally. In twenty-first century America, being an individual can in any case be hard. Being consistent with myself included some major disadvantages since I couldnt find inside the guidelines of my school walking band an approach to do everything. In my life after secondary school, I am cheerful I will discover the support to play any instrument. In any case, meanwhile, Ive discovered that being consistent with oneself requires settling on decisions that I will make.

4 Simple Steps to Writing the Perfect Illinois Essay

4 Simple Steps to Writing the Perfect Illinois Essay To start, lets debunk a popular myth: the perfect essay. Its not real. It cant be, because otherwise wed already havethe essay and there would be no reason to write any more of them! Were not asking for the perfect essay; were asking for an essay that best answers our prompt as it relates to you. This should hopefully alleviate any anxiety you may be feeling, because guess what? Youre an expert on you!If youre still apprehensive, though, lets take a look at the steps you can take to write a strong Illinois admissions essay. Step 1: Brainstorm. Now that youre ready to write, how do you start? How do you begin to compress your experiences into 400 words to best convey your passion? It all starts with brainstorming. Think about the question at the surface: Why do you love your intended major? How do you know? What have you done to demonstrate that love? Now dig a little deeper. What experience first sparked your interest? What memory pulls you back and makes you think, This is what I want to do all the time?Really look to yourself and your past experiences, because those are the memories that make you who you are, and those are the words that will make you memorable. Write all of your thoughts down on paper, see the connections youve made between your life and your major, and choose what stands out most. If youre having trouble thinking of ideas, dont be afraid to follow a tangent. You never know, even the smallest moment could be a winner. Step 2: Plan it out. Now that you have an idea, it’s time to structure it. Make sure you have a unified thought: You want to make a point, not just put a bunch of thoughts on paper. Pinpoint your message and start your outline. It’s a short essay, so you need to be clear. Start with one sentence to pull the reader into the essay. If it helps, think of this intro as one of those musical numbers that begins a flashback in a movie. Next, outline your main points. As youre outlining these points, make sure you continue to answer the prompt. This essay isnt just about you; its about the you whos interested in a certain major. So its important to focus on that part of you, including any related classroom experiences, extracurriculars, job shadowing, volunteering, or part-time or summer jobs. Finally, think of a closing sentence to tie your essay together. Although it can be similar, this shouldn’t be the same as your first sentence. Step 3: Make it you-tiful. After you’ve planned out your first sentence, last sentence, and main points, it’s time to write your essay! (Its also probably time for us to remind you to write your own essay. No one knows you better than you, and counselors can tell when someones essay has been written by someone else.) This isnt your traditional introduction-three-body-paragraphs-conclusion-type essay. Remember, its short, sweet, and focused on you. When you begin writing, every word counts; theres no need for background information or a rendition of your high school transcript. Stay true to you and what you’ve planned out. Bottom line, tell your story. Write about your passion and connect it to your experiences. A personal anecdote about the time you built a robotic fish or felt empowered at a spoken-word open mic is engaging and memorable, exciting, and unique to you. Step 4: Take one last look. Although this step is often overlooked, its often where a good essay becomes great. When youre done writing your essay, step away for awhile and come back to it with fresh eyes. Now reread it from start to finish to ensure that your writing flows well, youve cut out the fluff, youre using active verbs, and no grammatical errors exist. Then have someone elseâ€"perhaps a parent or your favorite teacherâ€"proofread it and offer their feedback, too. Any mistakes may put a stop in an otherwise flowing, engaging story. This is your chance to catch them. Its also your chance to tighten things up and add any finishing touches (like the cherry on top of that ice cream sundae you totally deserve after you hit save one last time!). We hope these tips help you as youre crafting your Illinois essay. Remember, it doesnt have to be perfect; it just needs to relate to you. We cant wait to read what you come up with! applying college planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

Which of the following should your thesis statement achieve

Which of the following should your thesis statement achieve? Question Which of the following should your thesis statement achieve? It should specify the point of the research. All of these are correct. It should provide unity and a sense of direction. It should set the argument and focus the entire paper. Answer ( B ) This question focuses on what a thesis statement should do.   While a thesis statement is a concise statement discussing the central argument of the paper, to maximize its effectiveness, it needs to include other elements as well. Discussion There are several important components to a great thesis sentence: specificity; clarity; stating a position and/or making an argument, and providing focus for the entire paper. Conclusion An effective thesis statement does more than simply introduce the central argument of your paper; it also provides a roadmap for your paper, providing your reader with the specificity, clarity, and focus.

The Lessons That The American Experience With Federalism

Report on the lessons that the American experience with federalism may offer to the development of the European Union Jonathan Martin Brennan – Student ID: 14014998 Politics and Government - Seminar Tutor: Dr Mike Mills Introduction Federalism laid the foundation of the United States of America as the powerful nation we know it today, and therefore it was ideal as an implement in the shaping of the European Union. The concept of federalism has been a part of the US’s political identity for as long as one can remember, but it has also been a key theory in intellectual and philosophical circles in the old continent. In order to outline the lessons that the European Union can learn from the success of federalism in the United†¦show more content†¦Thus, these political divisions are granted a certain degree of autonomy, that unlike in decentralised states, it is based upon constitutional ground, this is, in states that are built by a decentralised system or devolution of powers, the central power has the capacity of overruling any decision it may wish to; however, in a federal state, the withdrawal of policy-making that the central government may not approve of is a much more complex process, as the local authority has the constitutional right to approve its own measures, as sovereignty is constitutionally divided (Norris, 2001. Chapter 7). Effectiveness in multi-level governance (MLG) Alexis de Tocqueville, one of the most important political thinkers of his time, and a great scholar in comparative federalism, in his â€Å"Democracy in America† mentions how â€Å"old Europe† could learn from â€Å"young America† regarding the enactment of the concept of federalism, particularly in terms of â€Å"the problem of legitimacy in the context of multi-level governance† (Nicolaidis Howse, 2001). It is in this aspect, that the EU must avoid its statist approach to sovereignty and must keep on the track of the subsidiarity principle, i.e., â€Å"the allocation or the use of authority within a political order where there is no unitary sovereign† (Nicolaidis Howse, 2001. Chapter 4.) This is, despite the fear of a loss of credit,

Using Photographs and Illustrations to Support Reading Comprehension

Whether they are the cave drawings in the south of France, the cartoons of Hogarth or Satellite pictures, illustrations and photos are powerful ways for students with disabilities, especially difficulty with text, to find and retain information from textbooks and non-fiction. That, after all, is what reading comprehension  is about: understanding and retaining information, and having the ability to retell that information, not performance on multiple choice tests.   Often students with reading difficulties are so stuck I find, when working with struggling readers, that they get so stuck on the code - decoding unfamiliar multi-syllabic words, that they dont get as far as the meaning. More often than not, they actually miss the meaning. Focusing students on text features, such as the illustrations and the captions help students focus on the meaning and authors intent before they actually have to read any text.   Illustrations will help students Understand what the author believes is important in the text.Visualize the context of the non-fiction text (especially history or geography) or content of the chapter/article.  For students who struggle with text, the visual representation of content will help them see the important content.  Learn text specific vocabulary.  An illustration of an insect in a biology text or a plant in a botany text will be accompanied by captions or labels.  Be sure that students note that information in the text.   Using Pictures and Illustrations in Conjunction with Other Text Features An essential part of SQ3R  (Scan, Question, Read, Review, Reread) a long term strategy for developmental reading is to Scan the text.  Scanning basically includes looking over the text and identifying important information. Titles and Subtitles are the first stop on a text walk.  Titles will also help introduce the important topic spedific vocabulary.  Expect a chapter about the Civil War to have specific vocabulary in the subtitles. Be sure to have a list of focus words for flash cards before you start your text walk: Give (or have available) 3 by 5 cards available for students to write down the text specific vocabulary as your do the text walk together.   Captions and Labels accompany most pictures, and should be read as you do the text walk.  Be sure students record all of the important vocabulary, even if they can read them.  Depending on your students sophistication, a picture or a written definition should go on the back.  The purpose should be for your students to be able to define the vocabulary using their own words. The Reading Strategy - The Text Walk The first time you teach the strategy, you will want to walk the child through the whole process.  Later it will be better if you can fade some of your support and have students take more responsibility for the text walk.  This would be a great activity to do in partners across abilities, especially if you have students who benefit from the structure but have stronger reading skills. After reviewing the titles and pictures, have students make predictions:  What will you read about?  What do you want to know more about as you read?  Did you see a picture that surprised you?   Then scan together for vocabulary they should have on their flashcards.  Make a list on the board or using a document on the digital projector in your classroom.

Substance Abuse - 903 Words

Substance Abuse Substance Abuse is a problem for social workers around the country no matter where you go. There are a number of different social problems, and social systems that a social worker will have to deal with when working in this field. I will hope to address the problem of substance abuse, and the different techniques used in order to cure a client suffering from substance abuse. Substance abuse social workers assess and treat individuals with substance abuse problems, which include the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs. According to Katherine Von Wormer an expert in substance abuse, social workers treat people with these problems with individual and group therapy, outreach programs, crisis intervention, social†¦show more content†¦There are a number of social work agencies right here in the city that also have great substance abuse programs. For example there is an agency called Drug Detox Now which is located at 404 West 54th Street. This place is run by Dr. Jordan Scher who has been dealing with substance abuse issues for about 30 years. Scher previously opened a drug detox center in Israel that was well renowned. In 1996 he decided to move to the United States and open Drug Detox Now, where he would use many of his treatments from Israel. Another rehab center in the city is the Phoenix House which is located at 164 West 74th. Street. Since 1977 the Phoenix House has been helping people of all ages fulfill a substance free life. The Phoenix House operates more than 30 residential and outpatient programs for adults and adolescents in New York City, and they treating about 2,500 individuals every day. Another substance abuse agency in the city is called INTER-CARE. They are located at 51 East 25th Street. Inter-Care began in 1988 as a two-person clinical practice and is now a multi-disciplinary facility with a staff of twenty full-time employees. As we can see substance abuse is a very demanding field, but it is also a field where y ou can help a number of people. There are a number of different aspects of social work you must master before you attempt to treat a patient of substance abuse. Substance abuse can be a rewarding field where you can make a drastic changeShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse2025 Words   |  9 PagesDrug abuse is the recurrent use of illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription or over the counter drugs with negative consequences. The two terms, drug abuse or substance abuse can be defined as the use of chemical substances that lead to an increased risk of problems and an inability to control the use of the substance. Although drug and substance abuse do differ from addiction it sometimes can be mistaken for one another. Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsiveRead MoreSubstance Abuse And The Active Substance Abuser1514 Words   |  7 Pagesmisadventures of the active substance abuser. Unfortunately, many people in this situation may fe el alone and lost when it comes to the pathway to recovery. Not only for the addict or alcoholic, but a course of action that can give back some semblance of control and peace to the spouse. Sadly, the odds are never in favor for either of the two parties involved; however, people determined to salvage their connection with a loved one may yet be able to do so. Substance abuse of a loved one can be a nearRead MoreSubstance Use Disorder And Substance Abuse997 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance use disorder is defined as being a pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance, sometimes also including tolerance for the substance and withdrawal reactions. (pg. 294). The individual I will be talking about for the project is someone that came to crave a particular substance and rely on it every day. Their choice to devote so much of their time to their substance caused issues between their family and friends. Both family and friends startedRead M oreSubstance And Substance Abuse Among Inmates2272 Words   |  10 PagesSubstance Abuse among Inmates Substance abuse can be a big problem in our criminal justice system when dealing with the number of inmates who go back to their illegal activity after being released from custody. In specific, inmates who are drug users/ abusers are to be expected to go back to drugs once they get out. Without treatment they do not have the tools, knowledge, or resources to stay clean on the outside when released. The biggest hazard for an ex-inmate in the community is getting backRead MoreThe Problem Of Substance Abuse942 Words   |  4 Pagesuse various assessment tools to determine potential disorders that may be the root to a problem. Though at times a client may seek counseling with a known substance abuse issue there are more cases where a client is oblivious to the potential contribution that substance abuse has on the problem that help is sought for. Understood that substance dependency is nondiscriminatory to age, gender, race or creed, a therapist approaches the matter with the client kno wing that a problem is recognized and thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse1111 Words   |  5 PagesOpiate abuse in the United States is an epidemic. It is argued whether addiction is being handled correctly, and if the amount of resources for combating addiction should be increased. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"The number of past-year heroin users in the United States nearly doubled between 2005 and 2012, from 380,000 to 670,000† (2014). This nation-wide increase of heroin abusers leads to another issue: how to treat them. One method of treatment is giving them another medicationRead MoreThe Substance Abuse Social Worker1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Substance Abuse Social Worker Social workers have long worked with people who abuse substances, beginning in the 1800’s with sobriety houses and inebriate asylums, to settlement houses in the profession’s beginnings to developing self-help, consumer-driven programs, designing inpatient detoxification programs, and to applying youth-oriented prevention and education programs. As an addictions counselor, the social worker is a part of a specialized profession that began with the wounded healerRead MoreModels in the Substance Abuse Field 1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe term substance refers to all psycho active substances –â€Å"any substances when taken by a living organism may modify its mood perception, cognition deportment or motor function,† (DSM-IV, 4th edition) whether it is legal or illegal. Substance abuse refers to the utilization of a drug or other substances for non-medical purposes with the aim of engendering a mind-altering effect in the utilizer (MOH, 2005). It involves the utilization of illegal substances such as cannabis, misuse of licit drugsRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s silent killer, substance abuse. Substance abuse affects the user and everyone that they are around and most of the time the user doesn’t even realize nor care that it affects other people because they are consumed by the substances. These substances have the power to dramatically change people’s lives, such as the physical toll it takes on our body, the ways in which it corrupts our metal process, and the detrimental effects it has on our social lives. Most substances that are used in our societyRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Therapy1101 Words   |  5 PagesA person who has a substance abuse and a mental health disorder are identified as having a co-occurring disorder. Patients with substance use and mental health share common ground, because they hold the philosophy that treatment of chronic illness requires a long-term approach in which stabilization, education, and self-management are central (Drake, Mercer-McFadden, Mueser, McHugo, Bond, 2016, p. 589). A counselor can help give resources (NA meetings being available in their community) as well

Leadership in Innovation - 4900 Words

LEADERSHIP The activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the ability to do this. Leadership involves (1) establishing a clear vision, (2) sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, (3) providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision, and (4) coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders. Leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN TECHNOLOGY GENERATION Technology is now an integral part of learning and the ability to learn and use technology is quickly becoming a†¦show more content†¦Innovation includes three different stages, which are all dynamic and iterative (constant): 1. Idea Generation 2. Evaluation 3. Implementation The two types of innovation include exploratory innovation, which involves generating brand new ideas, and exploitative innovation, which involves modifying and improving ideas that already exist.[10][11][12][13] It is of importance to note that the ideas generated need to be useful in order to be considered innovative. Innovation should also not be confused with creativity, which is merely the generation of a novel idea that may not necessarily be put into operation, although these words are sometimes used interchangeably in research literature when speaking about innovation leadership. Innovation leadership is a quite complex concept, as there is no single explanation or formula for a leader to follow to increase innovation. As a result, innovation leadership encompasses a variety of different, activities, actions, and behaviors that interact with one another to produce an innovative outcome. Innovative Organizational Culture/Climate Some studies have shown evidence of organizational culture as the mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation [21][22][23][24] and performance.[25][26] In other words, in order for transformational leadership to have an effectShow MoreRelatedInnovation Leadership2252 Words   |  10 PagesInnovation Leadership MBA6006 Capella University Introduction When one thinks of innovation, it is a term used to describe new ideas and new beginnings. One who introduced this concept to a failing organization, was an innovative leader named. Alan Lafley former CEO of Pamp;G, adapted the five discovery skills that were displayed in Dyer, Gregersen, amp; Christensen ‘s Innovator’s DNA associating, questioning, observing, networkingRead MoreInnovation And Leadership : Leadership Qualities1998 Words   |  8 PagesInnovation and Leadership Brubaker had the foresight and leadership qualities necessary to take on an initiative that would end up serving over 250,000 new members of which 35 percent were uninsured. The social impact Brubaker and her team are a testament to doing the right thing for the right reasons. How did Brubaker make the new program so successful both politically and structurally within Aetna? By use of exemplary communication, a well thought out business plan, and superior leadershipRead MoreThe Role Of Leadership Of A Innovation1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Leaders in Innovation Innovation is a requirement for any business leader who wants to have sustainable success throughout the global market. Understanding the skills required of a leader in order to create an organization that innovates varies from leader to leader and business to business. However, there are some commonalities, based on the study of organizations and leaders who have been widely accepted for their ability to remain innovative. The following paper will explore viewpointsRead MoreLeadership : Supporting Training Innovation Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Appreciative Leadership: supporting training Innovation† the creator said; â€Å"†¦that thankful administration may be exceptional around authority hypotheses both previous and exhibit. This uniqueness incorporates its strength-based practice, hunt for those certain done kin Also organizations, and the part this assumes Previously, authoritative improvement Furthermore change. † (Knapp Also Copland, 2010). School board policy requires that the faculty support the leadership and the leadership support theRead MoreStrategic Leadership Innovation at Apple4130 Words   |  17 PagesContents Executive Summary 3 Part One – Critically Evaluate the Key Features of Apple’s Industry 5 Part Two – Discuss how Leadership in Apple Influenced Strategic Innovation 8 Part Three – Critically assess Steve Jobs as a strategic leader at Apple 12 Conclusions 15 Appendices 17 References 20    2    Executive Summary â€Å"Increasingly, though, we live in an irregular world, where irregular people take advantage of irregular events and useRead MoreStrategic Leadership Innovation at Apple4142 Words   |  17 PagesContents Executive Summary 3 Part One – Critically Evaluate the Key Features of Apple’s Industry 5 Part Two – Discuss how Leadership in Apple Influenced Strategic Innovation 8 Part Three – Critically assess Steve Jobs as a strategic leader at Apple 12 Conclusions 15 Appendices 17 References 20    2    Executive Summary â€Å"Increasingly, though, we live in an irregular world, where irregular people take advantage of irregular events and use irregular means to produce irregularRead MoreThe Concept of Leadership in Innovation and Change549 Words   |  2 Pages........................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4 The concept of leadership in innovation and change ................................ ................................ ...... 7 The significance of leaders to the process of innovation ................................ ................................ 9 My reflections ................................ ................................ .......Read MoreInnovation Leadership : 6 Steps Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesInnovation Leadership: 6 Steps to Profitability By Timothy Donovan | Submitted On March 22, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Timothy Donovan Current Situation In today s competitiveRead MoreLeadership and Innovation at Apple, Inc. Essay595 Words   |  3 Pageslong-term strategy for growth. Also, I will mention what two objectives I believe Apple should include in the learning and growth perspective of their balance scorecard. The first strategic factor that I think Apple should consider is product leadership/ development. Apple became who they are by striving to produce top of the line products that were ahead of the field in technology and electronics (Pearce II Robinson, 2011). Steve Jobs said it best himself, the reason a lot of us are at AppleRead MoreSustainability, Leadership And Innovation : Keys For Success1496 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability, Leadership and Innovation - Keys for Success Throughout this paper I will begin to look at the sustainability that has been put in place for Garmin International and how it affects the current and future leadership of the business. In addition to contributing to sustainable innovation to keep the company relevant and successful in a competitive technology race around the globe. This paper will focus on the keys for success that the company instills into its manufacturing, employees

Probability Exercice Free Essays

MTH3301 Fall 2012 Practice problems Counting 1. A closet contains 6 di? erent pairs of shoes. Five shoes are drawn at random. We will write a custom essay sample on Probability Exercice or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is the probability that at least one pair of shoes is obtained? 2. At a camera factory, an inspector checks 20 cameras and ? nds that three of them need adjustment before they can be shipped. Another employee carelessly mixes the cameras up so that no one knows which is which. Thus, the inspector must recheck the cameras one at a time until he locates all the bad ones. (a) What is the probability that no more than 17 cameras need to be rechecked? b) What is the probability that exactly 17 must be rechecked? 3. We consider permutations of the string †ABACADAFAG†. How many permutations are there? How many of them don’t have any A next to other A? How many of them have at least two A’s next to each other? 4. A monkey is typing random numerical strings of length 7 using the digits 1 through 9 (not 0). Call the digits 1, 2, and 3 †lows†, call the digits 4, 5, and 6 †mids† and digits 7, 8 and 9 †highs†. (a) How many di? er ent strings can he type? (b) How many of these strings have no mids? c) How many of these strings have only one high in them? For example, the string 1111199 has two highs in it. (d) What’s the probability that a string starts with a low and ends with a high? (e) What’s the probability that a string starts with a low or ends with a high? (f) What’s the probability that a string doesn’t have at least one of the digits 1 through 9? 5. School of Probability and Statistics (SPS) at IUA University has 13 male Moroccan professors, 8 female Moroccan professors, and 12 nonMoroccan professors. A committee of 9 professors needs to be appointed for a task. a) How many committees can be made? (b) What’s the probability 1 that the committee contains 2 Moroccan women, 3 Moroccan men, and 4 non-Moroccans? (c) What’s the probability that the committee contains exactly 4 nonMoroccans? (d) What’s the probability that the committee contains at least 4 n onMoroccans? (e) What’s the probability that the committee does not contain any Moroccan men? Conditional Probability, Bayes’ Theorem 1. Before the distribution of certain statistical software every fourth compact disk (CD) is tested for accuracy. The testing process consists of running four independent programs and checking the results. The failure rate for the 4 testing programs are, respectively, 0. 01, 0. 03, 0. 02 and 0. 01. (a) What is the probability that a CD was tested and failed any test? (b) Given that a CD was tested, what is the probability that it failed program 2 or 3? (c) In a sample of 100, how many CDs would you expect to be rejected? (d) Given a CD was defective, what is the probability that it was tested? 2. A regional telephone company operates three relay stations at di? rent locations. During a one-year period, the number of malfunctions reported by each station and the causes are shown below: Station Problems with electricity supplied Computer malfunction Malfunctioning electrical equipment Caused by other human errors A 2 4 5 7 B 1 3 4 7 C 1 2 2 5 Suppose that a malfunction was reported and it was found to be caused by other human errors. What is the probability that it came from station C? 3. Police p lan to enforce speed limits by using radar traps at 4 di? erent locations within the city limits. The radar traps at each of the locations L1 , L2 , L3 , and L4 are operated 40%, 30%, 20%, and 30% of the time, and if a person who is speeding on his way to work has probabilities 2 0. 2, 0. 1, 0. 5 and 0. 2, respectively, of passing through these locations, what is the probability that he will receive a speeding ticket? You can assume that the radar traps operate independently of each other. 4. Jar A contains 6 red balls and 6 blue balls. Jar B contains 4 red balls and 16 green balls. A six-sided die is thrown. If the die falls †6†, a ball is chosen at random from jar A. Otherwise, a ball is chosen from Jar B. If the chosen ball is red, what is the probability that the die fell †6†? 5. The word spelled HUMOR by a person from the United States is spelled HUMOUR by a person from UK. At a party, two-thirds of the guests are from the United States and one-third from UK. A randomly chosen guest writes the word, and a letter is chosen at random from the word as written. (a) If this letter is a U, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? (b) If the letter is an H, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? 6. Jar A contains two black balls, jar B contains two white balls, and jar C contains one ball of each color. A jar is chosen at random. A ball is drawn from the chosen jar and replaced; then again a ball is drawn from that jar and replaced. If both drawings result in black balls, what is the probability that a third drawing from the same jar will also yield a black ball? 7. A jar contains 5 red balls and 10 blue balls. A ball is chosen at random and replaced. Then 10 balls of the same color as the chosen ball are added to the jar. A second ball is now chosen at random and seen to be red. What is the probability that the ? st ball was also red? Discrete Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Mass Functions 1. A dice has 6 sides labelled 1 through 6, and the associated probabilities are a, b, c, d, e, and f respectively. Furthermore, you are told that P ({1, 2, 3}) = P ({4, 5, 6}). This die is tossed once and random variable X is twice the face value that showed up. Answer the following questions about X: 3 (a) What is the range space of X? (b) Draw the cumulative distribution function of X. (c) Write down the probability mass function of X. 2. A jar contains 10 balls, labelled 1 through 10. We will take 3 balls out of the jar. Let B be the random variable that is the highest label among the 3 balls withdrawn. Answer the following questions about B: (a) What is the range space of B? (b) Calculate p(b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (c) Calculate F (b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (d) Calculate P (B ? 8). 3. Consider a group of 5 blood donors, A, B, C, D, E, of whom only A and B have type O+. Blood samples will be taken from each donor in random order, until an O+ donor is reached. Let the random variable Y be the number of blood samples taken until an O+ individual is reached. (a) What is the range space of Y? b) Write down the probability mass function of Y. 4. A jar contains 15 balls, 10 of them red and 5 of them blue. Three balls are picked and let R be the random variable that is the number of red balls in these 3 drawn. (a) What is the range space of R? (b) Write down the prob. mass func. of R. (c) Write down the cumulative distr. func. of R. 5. A random variable Z has following range spac e and probability mass function: 4 value -3 -2. 5 0 4 12 20 probability of this value 0. 1 0. 15 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 0. 1 (a) Draw the line graph of this PMF. (b) Write down the CDF of Z and draw its graph. (c) Calculate P (Z). . After all students have left the classroom, a probability professor notices that 4 copies of text book were forgotten behind. At the beginning of the next lecture, the professor distributes the 4 books in a completely random fashion to each of the four students who lef the books behind. Let X be the number of students who receive their own book. Determine the pmf of X. Hint: Think of permutations of 4 symbols. 7. Let X be the number of tires on a randomly selected automobile that are underin? ated. Which of the following three p(x) functions is a legitimate pmf for X, and why are the other two not allowed? p(x) p(x) p(x) 0 0. 3 0. 4 0. 4 1 0. 2 0. 1 0. 1 2 0. 1 0. 1 0. 2 3 0. 05 0. 1 0. 1 4 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 8. In our experiment, we pick a random permutation of 1 234. Let X be the number of symbols that remained in their original places. For example, if the random permutation is 3214, X = 2. Find the pmf of X. 9. In our experiment, we type a random string of length 6 using only the letters A, B, C, D, E, X, Y, Z. Let R be the number of letters that are occuring more than once. So, for example, if the string is †BAYEDA†, R = 1. If string is †DEBAZY†, R = 0. If string is †AABAXY†, R = 1. If string is †AABBXY†, R = 2. (a) How many elements are there in the sample space of the experiment? (b) How many elements in the range space of R? 5 (c) Calculate pR (0). (d) Calculate pR (r) for r ? 4. 8 6 (8)(6)? 7? 6? 5? 4+(8)(6)? 7? 6? 5+(1)(4)? 7? 6+(8)(6)? 7+(8)(6) 1 3 1 5 1 6 . (e) Show that pR (1) = 1 2 6 8 Continuous Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Distribution Functions 1. A college professor never ? nishes his lecture before the bell rings to end the period and always ? nishes his lectures within 2 minutes after the bell rings. Let X equal the time that elapses between the bell and end of the lecture and suppose the pdf of X is f (x) = kx2 0 0? x? 2 otherwise (a) Find the value of k. (b) What is the probability that the lecture ends within one minute of the bell ringing? (c) What is the probability that the lecture continues beyond the bell for between 60 and 90 seconds? (d) What is the probability that the lecture continues for at least 90 seconds beyond the bell? 2. The time X (in minutes) for a lab assistant to prepare the equipment for a certain experiment is believed to have a uniform distribution for values of X between 25 and 35. a) Write the pdf of X and sketch its graph. (b) What is the probability that the preparation time exceeds 33 min.? (c) Without computing it mathematically, what do you think is the mean value of X? (d) For any a such that 25 a a + 2 35, what is the probability that preparation time is between a and a + 2 minutes? 3. Consider the following pdf, where k and C are constants: f (x) = kC k xk+1 0 6 x? C x 50 1 625 r If the propolis content is less than 10 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 300 Dirhams per kilogram. If the propolis content is more than 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 200 Dirhams per kilogram (because of the too strong taste). If the propolis content is between 10 and 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 450 Dirhams a kilogram. Let the price of honey per kilogram be the random variable X. (a) Draw the pdf of R. (b) Determine the pmf of X. Continuous Functions of Continuous Random Variables 1. Let continuous random variable X have pdf fX (x). Let Y = |X|. Write FY (y) in terms of integral(s) of fX . 2. For more practice here, make sure you can do problems number 9 and 13 in Chapter 3 exercises in our text book. 8 How to cite Probability Exercice, Essay examples

Human Resource Strategy of Tesco-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyse of human resource strategy of Tesco. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is considered as one of the primary aspects of strategic business planning by the most business organization in order to make a successful business. Human resource practices in a business provide various services to the employees (Alfes et al., 2013). Additionally, these practices ensure the quality of employees in view of the growth of the company. Therefore, human resource practices include monitoring of talent, management of talent performance and so on. Hence, analysis of human resource management is of great importance to examine whether these practices are fulfilling their purposes. The report aims to understand human resource practices in business. In order to carry out the study, the report has chosen Tesco as the organization of which human resource strategy will be evaluated. The report will figure out the issues related to human resource management that the company is currently facing. In addition to that, the report provides possible measures whi ch will be able to help the company to address the issues. Overview of the company Tesco began its journey in 1919 as a market stall. However, since 1929 its first retail store was opened. The company has now transformed in to the leading brand in the grocery market by offering quality products at low price ("About us", 2018). Tesco has become one of the trusted brands not only in its home country but also across the world by maintaining a constant engagement with its customers. The company is presently spread across twelve countries with 530000 in its 2291 retail stores (Fernie Moore, 2013). It delivers quality products to over 10 million customers. Thus, it secured the highest position in the grocery retail market. Tesco is no more limited to grocery items. The products offered by Tesco range from garments to fuel energy and electronic goods. In addition to that, it offers financial services which made it one of the leading groups in the entire business industry. The company in a recent press conference stated that the 65% (Fernie Sparks, 2014) of the sales pro fit from its business in the home country. The company in 199 shopping services to its customers, which was home based. It has adopted different business strategies that made its profit margin over 2 million per month. In order to maintain its market position and further growth, it introduced certain offerings to its customers. The company gives special benefits to its customers as part of its business strategy (Krafft Mantrala, 2014). It serves home delivery facility to the customers who purchase products by availing its home-based shopping service. Another benefit given the company is the facility of club cards. The brand loyal customers get the offer of club cards which undoubtedly strengthened its customer relationship. However, rising of other brands in the same industry created competition in the market. Therefore, the company is focusing on the further improvement and extension of the product range. Human Resource strategy of Tesco The company has applied different human resource strategy over its large number of stores and other workplaces in order to make its work more efficiently. The strategies adopted by Tesco are discussed below: Employee training The company per year inducts a large number of employees. Tesco hires talents from the top-notch universities around the globe (Brannen, Moore Mughan, 2013). It provides training to its employees according to their academic background. The primary purpose of this training is to enable the employees to understand the company structure and its vision. Employee communication The continuous communication with the employees is another human resource strategy that deserves mention (Metzger, 2014). The company communicates with all of its employees to understand their views, experience and the issues that they face so that it can evaluate and solve those issues. Employee rewards and recognition Various rewards are given to the employees by the company so that they can feel valued at work. As employee motivation is the key factor towards employee retention, the company recognizes the efforts given its employee by giving different rewards to them (Scuffham, 2014). It has been observed these rewards have played a major role in the growth of the company. Evaluation of the companys human resource strategy The current market position of the company suggests that it has successfully managed its employees. It has introduced different activities in terms of human resource strategies, which keep its employee engagement with their workplaces (Tesco plc, 2014). The training and development approach is one the remarkable strategy of the human resource department of the company. The employees as per their qualification get trained after they hired in order to work with the company. As per the employee feedback, training process adopted by the company has been proved as the useful assistance for the employees. Through these training, the employees understand the mission, vision and the structure of the company. Another aspect of its human resource management is the communication among the employees, which has been able to satisfy the employees as the company understand their requirements, problems and solve them. As part of their communication strategy, the company arranges different activities through which the employees not only remained connected with its governing body, but they remain connected with each other. Another purpose that the communication strategies serve is that it helps the employee relieving the stress of work life. Employee engagement strategy of Tesco The term employee engagement refers to the approach through which the employees feel motivated to work in their workplace. Therefore, employee engagement has become the one of the major need of every organization. In order to break down the meaning of the approach, it can be said that this approach serves for the employees as well as for the organization (Truss et al., 2013). The more the company keeps engaged its employees by different applying different strategies, the more its growth increases. Primarily it serves for the employees so that they can themselves valued at the workplace and remain motivated while understanding the ultimate goal of the company. Over the years Tesco has been doing continuous research in the area of employee engagement. Thus, the company has adopted various strategies in order to make its employee engagement with the company. As part of the strategies, a large number of initiatives have been taken in terms of special events, communication through social networking sites and so on. The company also provides platforms through which the employees can connect with the higher authorities (Truss et al., 2013). Tesco aims to support its employees by all means and therefore, it has initiated different measures including showcasing of talents, celebrations of special events, online media platforms for internal communication and so on. Future scope of employee engagement in Tesco Few areas have been found where the company can work in order to maintain complete employee engagement in their business. Therefore, certain measures have been mentioned below: More rewards At the time of annual increase of profit, the company can provide additional rewards to its employee in terms of salary (Tyrell, 2014). As money matters more than anything in motivating employees, such initiative impacts largely on the performance of employees. In addition to that, Tesco can focus on those who expect benefits apart from salary hike or other rewards in terms of money and take initiative accordingly so that can feel engaged. Self-assessment program The company can introduce employee assessment training programs which will help the employees in assessing themselves in view of performance improvement (Tyrell, 2014). With the help of self-assessment, the employees can learn about their own drawbacks as well strengths. Such initiatives have an impact o the employees that are being valued by the company. On the other hand, self-assessment reduces the risk of feeling inferiority complex, which is one of the major negative aspects of assessment by organization. Skill development program Different skill development programs can be introduced by the company so that the employees can learn additional skills to improve their work performances (Tyrell, 2014). After the employees go through the self-assessment procedure, they come to know their own weakness. Most of the employees wish to learn the required skills in order to remain in the workplace. Skill development training programs can help the employees in learning the adequate skills and applying those skills in live situations at the same time. These training programs also reduce the fear of getting fired by the authority as most of the employees believe that they can be fired if they do not exceed the expectations of their authority. Thus, it can be said this measure will help in the betterment of employee engagement in Tesco. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that human resource strategy is one of the essential strategies to make a business successful. The company has been able to secure its position in the retail market, still it can do more in the area of human resource management so that can boost its further growth. Tesco being one of the leading brands in the entire business sector has been able to secure that its employees perform best. At the same time, Tesco has increased rate of employee retention in its business by applying different motivational strategies. Meanwhile, it has taken various initiatives in terms of employee engagement. The report evaluates its human resource strategies and then suggests possible measures in order to improve its employee engagement policies References About us. (2018).Tesco plc. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://www.tescoplc.com/about-us/ Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Brand Finance (2014).Global 500 2014: The worlds most valuable brands.Available at:https://brandirectory.com/league_tables/table/global-500-2014 Brannen, M.Y., Moore, F. Mughan, T. (2013). Strategic ethnography and reinvigorating Tesco plc: Leveraging inside/out bicultural bridging in multicultural teams.Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings,London, September 16-18, pp. 282-299. Fernie, J. Sparks, S. (2014).Logistics and retail management(4thedn). London: Kogan Page. Fernie, S. Moore, C. (2013).Principles of retailing. Abingdon: Routledge. Krafft, M. Mantrala, M.K. (eds) (2014).Retailing in the 21st century(2ndedn).Springer: Berlin, pp. 257-270. Metzger, K. (2014). Business analysis of UK supermarket industry. Masters dissertation, Loughborough University. Scuffham, M. (2014).Tesco takes on UK banks with current account launch. Reuters [online]. Available at:https://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/09/uk-tesco-bank-account-idUKKBN0EK24H20140609. Tesco plc (2014).Annual report 2014.Cheshunt: Tesco plc. Truss, C., Shantz, A., Soane, E., Alfes, K., Delbridge, R. (2013). Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory. Tyrell, J. (2014). Introduction to socio-cultural influences. In Mutum, D.S., Roy, S.K. and Kipnis, E. (eds) (2014).Marketing cases from emerging markets. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 9-11. Wood, S. McCarthy, D. (2014). The UK food retail race for space and market saturation: A contemporary review.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 24(2), 121-144.

Martin Luther king jr letter from Birmingham jail free essay sample

Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere,are the words of Martin Luther King Jr. penned in a 1963 letter he wrote while incarcerated in a Birmingham Jail during the height of grave racial tensions and segregation. King believed in a nonviolent approach to combatting racial inequalities and injustice and I too, support the approach he took. MLK cites in his letter that his non-violent approach was more instinctive than anything else. He was from a line of preachers, people who embodied the church and believed in treating each other equally and taking the christian approach. I could see myself using such an approach because as a young man growing up I was taught in church and by my parents to treat people equally, respectfully and to resolve issues in a non-violent manner-thats without fighting. King also cited in his letter that during this racially charged period he served as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating In every southern state, with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther king jr letter from Birmingham jail or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the affiliates in Birmingham had asked King and his group to participate in a direct action program if it became necessary. That moment came and they engaged in demonstrations, marches, sit-ins and other civil disobedience. I can definitely relate to these efforts. I recall police brutality in a community in which I lived. People were crying out for justice so we (community leaders and residents) blocked the streets with all sorts of objects, lit tires on fire, wrote placards and staged demonstrations. We also sat In the streets obstructing the flow of traffic. Like in Kings case that direct action brought about negotiations on both sides. It came at a cost as some of us got arrested and were given citations. King also responded to criticism of him advocating to follow and obey the laws yet he was also breaking them. King said that not only should one have a legal but also a moral responsibility to obey just laws. On the other hand one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. These sit-downs, boycotts of stores, marches and demonstrations were done at strategic times to create maximum impact. These were great ideas but I would have taken it a step further. I would have worked on a strategy to gain occupancy of the stores and restaurants that continued to display emotionally charged signage. Upon full agreement to dismantle such signage, full control would then be returned to their rightful owners. Kings main reference to disobeying the law was a Supreme Courts 1954 decision to outlaw segregation in public schools. King said although the segregationist did not comply with the courts decision he was in no way advocating, evading or defying the law but when such law is unjust one must approach it lovingly, openly and with the willingness to accept the consequences. Obviously King and his followers accepted the consequences and that in part is how he ended up in the Birmingham Jail. King said that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor, it must be demanded by the oppressed. Martin Luther King referenced that had it not been for the influence of the Negro Church the path of nonviolence would not have been an integral part of the struggle. Even in todays society when things seem bleak we all turn to the churchfor prayer and guidance. The alternative as King saw it, and so do I would have been bloodshed and chaos. In conclusion on this brief take on Martin Luther Kings letter from Birmingham Jail I could understand fully why he took the nonviolent approach in trying to combat racial inequalities and justice for humanity. One has to exhibit a sense of calmness and tolerance , though difficult so as to distinguish ones self from the perpetrators of evil and injustice on others.

The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald

How to Get a Book Published in 2019 The Master Guide for Success

How to Get a Book Published in 2019 The Master Guide for Success How to Get a Book Published: Your Guide to Getting Published in 2019 If you’re a first-time author, we'd completely understand you not knowing how to get a book published. After all, there are more publishing options now in 2019 than ever! Traditional publishing, for example, requires an agent and actual publisher - which may take a long time to acquire, but can be a big advantage in terms of industry connections. On the other hand, you can self-publish and have your book up on Amazon tomorrow (with higher royalties!), but you might struggle to market it yourself.Every author has to decide for themselves how to publish, taking into account the relative benefits and what they really want from of the experience - fame and fortune, literary repute, or simply being able to say they've done it. But how can authors make this decision without trying both firsthand?Answer: by reading this post - for which we’ve consulted knowledgeable veterans of the publishing world, with the aim of explaining your publishing options in an easy-to-digest way . We’ll also offer frank advice to set you on the best possible path to publishing your book, whatever that may be. Ready to get started? Guide: how to get a book published in 2019 ðŸ“â€" Three ways to get publishedThere are countless ways to skin a literary cat, but all of them fit into one of these categories:Traditional Publishing, in which a company "buys," edits, and produces your book, before selling it to bookstores, online retailers, supermarkets, and anywhere else you can expect to buy a book.Self-Publishing, in which the author takes on the responsibilities of the publisher, including financing and marketing the book.Vanity Publishing, which is where the author pays a company to handle all of the above. We won't discuss vanity presses in this article, for reasons explained here.The bulk of our post here will focus on the traditional route (self-publishing is another matter entirely), which is what most writers will think of when they talk about "getting published." Your approach to getting a book deal will largely depend on whether you’re writing fiction or non-fiction, so let’s tackle traditional publishing in that order. (Skip ahead if youâ⠂¬â„¢re a non-fiction author). How do you get your book published? Check out this new guide for 2019! How to Get a Book Published (Novel)Warning: not all agents have nice white offices like this.At this point, your manuscript is looking sharp, and you have a keen understanding of whom it’s aimed at. With that in your back pocket, it’s time to get yourself an agent.Do you need an agent?While some small and medium-sized presses accept â€Å"unagented submissions,† you’ll find that your best bet to scoring a traditional publishing deal will be to first secure an agent. Not only do they have the right connections at publishing companies, but they will also know how best to sell it to acquiring editors.What are you looking for in an agent?First of all, you are not just looking for any agent who’s willing take you on. You want one that’s right for you and your manuscript. They should be passionate about your book, as they’ll be the one responsible for selling it! For that reason, you need to do your research and draw up a shortlist of suitab le candidates who represent books and authors within your specific genre.Additional resource: How to Find and Research Literary Agents (guide)What do agents look for in an author?If we return to our first principles, we’ll remember that everyone’s goal in this business is to make money. Agents work purely on commission, so they’re looking for books that they have a high chance of selling to a Big 5 publisher (Big 6, if you're including the Amazon Publishing imprint) - and that will go on to sell enough copies to justify their investment of time.Agents are also looking for long-term working relationships. This means they'll put more stock in writers who not only have the potential to write lots of great books, but who also seem like nice people to work with. No matter how awesome your manuscript, if you come across like a delusional nightmare, people will think twice about signing you. Do you need an agent to get published in 2019? 🠤” Step 4: Prepare your submission and send out queriesWith your proposal (and pitch) in hand, you're ready to sell your book. As a rule, if you’re writing general non-fiction (think history books and biographies) or if you want to pitch to a major publisher, then you will probably need an agent. For educational books, and with small- and medium-sized presses, you might be able to get away without one.If you do choose to submit your proposal directly, take a lead from our tips about querying agents when you research your publishers. Ask:Does this publisher have a history and interest in my topic?Does my book complement what’s already on their backlist?Do they accept unsolicited manuscripts?Additional resource: How to Submit a Book Proposal (guide)Hopefully you’ll get a response from an interested party and - before you know it - you’ll write your book and await its release date!Self-Publishing  Your BookFor a long time, self-publishing was seen as an alte rnative for authors who struggled to publish traditionally. To some extent, that’s still the case - but it’s not always down to quality. Some authors might find that their book is too niche for HarperCollins, but that they can easily find a devoted audience as an independent author.If you’re willing to put in the hours and teach yourself how to do a bit of basic online marketing, you might find that self-publishing is the perfect fit for you. The royalties are much higher, you get complete creative control, and you don’t have to wait years to see your book on shelves.To learn what it takes to self-publish, start with this in-depth guide.While self-publishing has plenty of benefits, the biggest downside is that you’ll be responsible for financing production (editing services and cover design) and marketing. The good news, though, is that it might not be as expensive as you’d think.Additional resource: How Much Does it Cost to Self-Publish a Book?  (guide)Frequently Asked Questions: Getting PublishedDo you need publishing experience or personal connections to land an agent?Another common misconception is that unsolicited queries are almost never successful. This, however, is largely untrue. Former agent Rachel Stout polled over twenty New York-based agents from a range of backgrounds and found that almost all of them are open to unsolicited queries (or â€Å"slush,† as they call it).â€Å"I know that authors don't think that most agents read their queries. Almost everybody reads them,† Stout suggests. â€Å"35% of the agents I asked - some with two decades of experience and others with two years - said that more than half of their current list comes directly from the slush pile.If I can submit directly to publishers, why do I need an agent?Pitching your book is just one of the many tasks that falls to an agent. They are also advisors and editors, who will give you objective advice on your manuscript a nd act as a buffer between you and the publisher. They’ll handle a lot of the business side of things, leaving you free to write. Most importantly, they are deeply familiar with the industry and should know how to negotiate the best price for your book (and avoid potential scams). For that reason alone, they are probably worth their commission.Can you query/submit a book that you’ve already self-published?There are some cases, like with Andy Weir’s The Martian and 50 Shades of Grey, where a publisher has reissued a self-published book. But these cases are pretty rare. Most of the time, if your book has already been on the market, industry folks will wonder if it's already exhausted its market. After all, the 10,000 people who bought your self-pub book usually won’t buy it again just because Simon Schuster has it now.However, if you’ve self-published a book that has sold very well, you can bet that agents will be lining up to request your next manu script.Should you go to writers conferences?Not all authors are lucky enough to live near cities with writers conferences. But if you can afford to attend one, then you definitely should. It’s a great way to watch panels by published authors and industry insiders (editor and agents). In most cases, there will even be a chance to network directly with those people at the conference’s social events.It’s also pretty common for there to be sessions where you can practice your pitch and get one-on-one feedback from attending agents or editors and (if you really, really hit it off) you might find that they’ll refer you to suitable agents.An inexpensive alternative to writing conferences are online writing communities, where you can get great advice, feedback, and case studies from people who have written and published books. Though you're unlikely to find any former Big 5 acquisition editors casually trolling the forums, these communities are a great place to s tart for first-time authors, and may even lead to you becoming a lifelong member.If you’ve made it this far, you hopefully have a better idea of how to get published! With both traditional and self-publishing routes now clearly before you, you should know what you have to do. Remember: if you have a great idea for a book, and you're willing to work harder and smarter than most, you can almost guarantee that you’ll be able to get it in front of your adoring fans  - wherever they are.If you have any thoughts or questions about getting published, leave us a message in the comments below.

Conducting Scientific Reserach in Criminal Justice Research Proposal

Conducting Scientific Reserach in Criminal Justice - Research Proposal Example If a research is done to study the topography of the place, the demography of the population and their socio-economic circumstances we can definitely derive some clues of high crime rate in this area. We can extend this study to cover the Hot points, that is the specific locations like a particular building or complex where the crime rate is high. It can cover the Hot Places, that are wider areas than specific buildings. These could be street corners or car parks where the incidents of car theft are frequently reported. There are also Hot Routes which are streets or roads along which more number of robbery or snatching is reported. 2. The profile of the criminals:- This helps us study the age, sex, education, economic status and ethnicity of the criminals. We can find out if there is any common thread running through it. If there is any, what could be the possible reasons of such people's behavior. Again, we can find out whether these can be altered or not. We will need to collect crime data from the police and study it on the above parameters. to understand the psychology of the criminals we can conduct personal interviews with a cross-section of them. This information can be tabulated to give us the findings. I believe that conducting this scientific research in criminal justice and security management will help the society in general.

Head On and Tylenol Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Head On and Tylenol - Annotated Bibliography Example 2011. The book provides a one-kind-consumer guide that provides solutions to over 500 over-the-counter medications. It provides symptoms for common problems followed by over-the-counter prescriptions to alleviate the conditions. 3. Maryanne, H., & AARP (2006). The AARP guide to pills: Essential information on more than 1200 prescription and nonprescription medicines, available through Medical Databases Online, General Databases, accessed 20th Oct. 2011. The book addresses the problems of adults over the age of 50 years. The book also simplifies the effort to find information about certain drugs by presenting generic drugs in a logical A-to Z organization. It also provides a close reference to related brand new drugs. This information has been vetted by a board of con tent specialists from the finest institutions in United States. 4. King, L., & Mary, C. (2009). Pharmacology for Women’s Health, available through Medical Databases Online, Nursing Databases, accessed 19th Oct. 2011. The article includes an insight into the basic pharmacodynamics principles that allows health professionals to understand and know hoe to prescribe drugs. It includes chapters that describe pharmacology of various drugs that are used in wide variety of illnesses. The arctle provides fundamentals of nursing, Introduction to Nursing and Critical Thinking. It contains concrete examples which allow studentds to understand and apply the five steps of nursing process in the expanding world of healthcare. The book provides a user friendly step by step work-book like approach to the five steps of nursing process. It also offers good solutions to the most difficult part of nursing, diagnosis. It also contains exercises that allow the reader to practice what he has learnt. The book focuses on the choices which have to be made while designing a drug for newly

History and Comparison of American Musicals

History and Comparison of American Musicals Utopia is an ideal world state where everything which happens is perfect and there are no negative emotions like sadness, anger or jealousy to exist in it. The world is perfect and has every situation resolved in the most enjoyable manner possible. Consciously, or unconsciously, the human mind strives towards perfection to create an ideal world- a utopia for itself. But, in real life, this is not possible and this leads to a multitude of emotions like sadness, disappointment, anger, etc. which is the opposite of what a person in utopia should feel like. To bring back this sense of utopia even temporarily, humans started projecting the carefully constructed ideal world through entertainment such as theatre, films, musicals etc. In this essay, I will compare the films Singing in the Rain by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen and Meet Me in St. Louis by Vincette Minnelli as examples of classic American musicals against Moulin Rouge and Romeo + Juliet by Baz Luhrmann as examples of contemporary American musicals on the basis of whether they satisfy the idea of musicals being a form of escape into utopianism. First, I will use Rick Altmans The American Film Musical, which has laid out quite a few criteria for a standard American musical to analyse these films and ensure they satisfy those criteria. Also, I will focus on Utopianism by using Richard Dyer, in Only Entertainment. Two of the taken-for-granted descriptions of entertainment, as escape and as wish-fulfilment, point to its central thrust, namely utopianism. (Dyer, Chapter 3, Pg. 18) By using entertainment, humans are able to escape to the realm of utopia but this realm is not produced by using models of utopian worlds, rather it is brought forth with feelings and emotions. Dyer claims that, It thus works at the level of sensibility, by which I mean an affective code that is characteristic of, and largely specific to, a given mode of cultural production. This code uses both representational and non-representational signs. (Dyer, Chapter 3, Pg. 18) Using Dyers words, I will also try to analyse the representational and non-representational signs of the films mentioned before. Meet me in St. Louis is an American musical which was released in 1944 with a fairly simple storyline which focusses on an upper middle class family with their four daughters and a son. It is based in St. Louis, Missouri in the year leading up to the 1904 Worlds Fair and goes through the struggles this family faces and how they overcome them together. The American film musical is known to have a dual focus narrative. As Altman says, in The American Film Musical, Instead of focussing all its interest on a single central character, following the trajectory of her progress, the American film musical has a dual focus, built around parallel stars of opposite sex and radically divergent values. This dual-focus structure requires the viewer to be sensitive not so much to chronology and progression- for the outcome of the male/female match is entirely conventional and thus quite predictable- but to simultaneity and comparison. (Altman, Chapter II, Pg. 19) Altman also says, Whereas the traditional approach to narrative assumes that structure grows out of plot, the dual-focus structure of the American film musical derives from character (Altman, Chapter II, Pg. 21) In Meet Me in St. Louis, there is a dual focus narrative. The plot revolves around the entire family, focussing mostly on Esther and her relationship and the news of the familys sudden move to New York. By subjecting these narratives to simultaneity and comparison, we can see that they are interdependent as the narrative of the family moving away threatens the newly found relationships of Esther and her other family members- Esther and John, Rose and Warren, the parents with their kids. Also, this is putting Esthers love for her family and her boyfriend against each other. As for structure deriving from character, the film is structured in a way that the character Esther and her conquest for her love occupies the first part of the film and this is followed up by the sudden announcement of her familys move to New York by her father. This is done to ensure the entertainment factor is still present by creating mild tension, as the primary goal is achieved and the viewers shouldnt lose i nterest. Singing in the Rain also adheres to the principle of dual narrative as there are different narratives or paths for both the male and female protagonists. The film portrays the struggle of American film studios and their transition from the silent films to the talkies. The male protagonist, Don Lockwood (Gene Kelly), is a silent film actor with humble origins, who tries to survive and retain his place in the film industry during the transition. The female protagonist, Kathy Selden (Debbie Reynolds), is an aspiring stage actress who is used by Lina Lamont to be her voice backstage but she finally is given credit and her career flourishes. There are other side narratives which tie into the main narratives, the most noticeable one being the narrative of Lina Lamont, which serves the same purpose as the narrative of the family moving away to New York in Meet Me in St. Louis- to present a problem which when solved, strengthens the existing narratives, or give a neat conclusion to the narra tives. These two main narratives are intertwined simultaneously and highlights the contradictions between the already famous artist and the newly flourishing artist (Don Lockwood and Kathy Selden), fame and infamy (Don Lockwood and Lina Lamont), hate turned to love (in the case of Kathy Selden), etc. These contradictions are resolved by the main characters falling in love and this resolves or gives these characters the strength to resolve their conflicts. The structure is definitely derived from character, especially from Don Lockwood, whose narrative overshadows Kathy Seldens narrative. All the musical numbers focus on Lockwood and his emotions, or makes him the reason for the initiation of the song- as in the case of Cosmo Browns Make Em Laugh or the final musical number dubbed by Kathy Selden for Lina Lamont. Moulin Rouge! and Romeo + Juliet are both musicals directed by Baz Luhrmann and released in 2001 and 1996 respectively. they are both contemporary musicals and they follow the dual narrative path, focussing on the male and female protagonists and their narratives highlight the differences in their character such as freedom and confinement, love and money as in the case of Moulin Rouge! and love and hate, life and death as in the case of Romeo + Juliet. As for the structure of these two musicals- Moulin Rouge! focusses on Christians character as the musical starts and ends with him and he is the narrator of the events which unfold. Satines narrative is interwoven with Christians and her narrative is actually the cause for the beginning of Christians narrative, thereby forming a never-ending loop. In the case of Romeo + Juliet, it is a loose adaptation on the play by Shakespeare, using dialogues from the play itself. The narrative is driven by Romeos character but it is balanced out by Juliets narrative as well. All these four films can be classified as American film musicals albeit there are differences in the way utopia is portrayed by these films. The films Singing in the Rain and Meet Me in St. Louis bring about a utopia in terms of setting (representational) and feelings (non-representational) using various factors- one of them being the musical numbers. In Singing in the Rain, the world it has created is realistic as the film is based around the world of film and situated in the age of transition from silent films to talkies. The utopian element is brought forth by the numbers which provide another realm where the characters can be themselves and express their feelings without any complications. Dyer says, utopia is implicit in the world of the narrative and as well as in the world of numbers (Dyer, 1992). When a character breaks into song, as in the scene where Don Lockwood confesses his love to Kathy Selden (You were meant for me). Dyer says, We are moved by music, yet it has the least obvious reference to reality- the intensity of our response to it can only be accounted for by the way music, abstract, formal though it is, still embodies feeling. (Dyer, 1992). The confession scene is carefully constructed by Lockwood and narrated by him, which does make it seem realistic, unlike the other musical numbers, and this adds on to the intensity of feelings the song gives the audience. Intensity, according to Dyer, is the capacity of entertainment to present either complex or unpleasant feelings (e.g. involvement in personal or political events; jealousy, loss of love, defeat) in a way that makes them seem uncomplicated, direct and vivid, not qualified or ambiguous as day-to-day life makes them, and without imitations of self-deception and pretence. (Dyer, 1992) The orchestral non-diegetic music also adds on to the intensity as the two characters dance, with Lockwood encouraging Selden to dance with him and finally through the music, dance and lyrics, their mutual feelings for each other gets conveyed to each other. As the camera pans out at the end of the number, the utopian backdrop and the airy lights are accentuated, adding the final touches to the realistic utopia created by this number. Another scene charged with such feelings is Don Lockwoods Singing in the Rain, the title song. The realistic setting is done through the diegetic rain accompanying the entire song. The orchestral parts sometimes drown out the rains pitter-patter but it is still ever present in the background. The lively music and the dance of Lockwood transcends through to the audience and they are able to feel his emotions through this number. This utopian number comes to an end with the interruption of the police officer where Lockwood is brought back to the reality of his world. Meet Me in St. Louis also treats its musical numbers in a similar manner as escapes to utopia. But the setting is different, it is much less realistic than Singing in the Rain. It showcases a community where singing is common practice where everyone loves to sing or break into a musical number, which already makes it feel much more utopian than the other musical film. Altman says, The sequence of scenes is determined not out of plot necessity, but in response to a more fundamental need: the spectator must sense the eventual lovers as a couple even when they are not together, even before they have met. (Altman, 1987) This is true for Meet Me in St. Louis, as the musical number The Boy Next Door immediately puts both the protagonists together. As the film progresses, this utopian world created in the film is strengthened with feelings of love in the air, fun and mischief, and so on. Not much goes on with the main narrative of the film till Esthers father comes with the news which breaks their created utopia. Dyer says, In these films, the introduction of any real narrative concerns is usually considerably delayed and comes chiefly as a temporary threat to utopia- thus reversing the other two patterns, where the narrative predominates and the numbers function as temporary escapes from it. (Dyer, 1992) The musical numbers are light-hearted and chipper till the father announces his plans for the family. After the announcement, we have numbers such as You and I by the parents as a form of reconciliation- a place where mistakes are forgiven is created by the musical number (thereby reverting back to the original pattern of musical numbers providing escape), Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas by Esther as a consolation to Tootie- a place where hope is provided for the future, ensuring that everything will be alright. In these two films, the element of utopia is strong, one way or the other. It provides the so-called escape from reality, either through musical numbers as in the case of Singing in the Rain, or through narrative and numbers as in the case of Meet Me in St. Louis. But, like Dyer says, the idea of utopia through musicals and their numbers is applicable to these early American film musicals. The contemporary film musicals are a bit more complicated in that regard as the escape to utopia is not clearly defined. Moulin Rouge! is the film directed by Baz Luhrman, which is loosely based on the Greek myth of Orpheus. Its style and setting is highly fantastical, reinforcing the utopianism of the world. Pam Cook says, The heightened artificial world was projected as an illusion in which every detail was driven by the need to appear complete and plausible, but which audiences would perceive and enjoy as fiction (Cook, 2010) Just like how Christian saw the green fairy under the influence of absinthe, which later transmuted into a nightmarish hallucination that sucked Christian into the world of Moulin Rouge, though the setting and style is fantastical, the narrative of the film is not a utopian story. The main narrative focusses on Christian, a writer of the post 19th century suffering from depression.ÂÂ   Unlike other musicals which gives the audience a happy beginning and a happy ever after, the film starts with an ominous and melancholic tone, which confirms the female protagonists death early on in the film. This tragic revelation at the start hinders the utopian world the style and setting is trying to create.